Nursing Management of a Chronic Illness: Diabetes

Nursing Management of a Chronic Illness: Diabetes Maddison Adams Over time, ineffective management of diabetes can lead to a number of health related problems such as damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. Diabetes is a rapidly growing health epidemic. Insulin is a hormone that is produced to regular blood sugar levels. Diabetes is a chronic illness that can be caused by the pancreas producing an inadequate amount of insulin; this is referred to as type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is not preventable and the cause is not known. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by the body ineffectively using the insulin produced by the pancreas. This type of diabetes occurs in approximately 90% of the individuals living with diabetes. It is mainly caused by obesity and lack of physical exercise. Another type of diabetes is referred to as gestational diabetes; this is caused by hyperglycemia during pregnancy. The incidence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes has made a dramatic increase in recent years. It is classified as one of the world†™s leading causes of illness and premature death. Powerlessness is referred to as the feelings expressed by an individual suffering from a chronic illness, it can occur at some point during their illness. There are numerous methods in which individuals with diabetes can control and be involved in their own healthcare. Nurses play a very important role in improving the health outcomes of individuals living with diabetes. Some strategies a nurse can implement to empower and facilitate self-management for patients and families or carers include: educating the client about correct administration of insulin and blood glucose monitoring, empowerment of the client in order for them to recognize and acknowledge the amount of control their have and require regarding their own health outcomes as well as assisting the client with the development of realistic and attainable healthcare goals. The client is in complete control of their healthcare requirements. Previous research has highlighted the importance of the role of the nurse and how they can improve client compliance and ultimately improve the quality of life in individuals living with diabetes. This improvement is influenced by education and empowerment techniques implemented by the nurse that enable the client to effectively self-manage their chronic illness. Diabetes is a worldwide health epidemic, therefore it is critical that individuals involved in the care of a client with diabetes take the necessary action to educate and empower the client with diabetes. Recent statistics has highlighted the prevalence of diabetes. In 2013, approximately 347 million individuals worldwide lived with diabetes. It is predicted that by 2030, diabetes will be the seventh leading cause of death. Complications associated with diabetes includes kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy. Ac cording to WHO, in 2004 it was estimated that 34 million individuals died as a result of the complications of diabetes such as hyperglycemia. Poorly controlled diabetes contributes to other consequences other than the physical consequences. These include: the emotional impact on the individual and family or carer and the financial issues associated with living with a chronic illness. These consequences combine to result in the client with diabetes becoming less compliant and also experiencing a reduced quality of life. The negative consequence of living with diabetes exposes the client to the risks of lifelong financial and emotional issues. The nurse plays a diverse role in assisting their client with education regarding how to embrace their chronic illness with the aim to achieve the best possible quality of life. Introducing an explaining the medical interventions that are implemented in order to manage diabetes, such as insulin and blood glucose monitoring, encourages the creation of realistic and attainable goals as well as assisting the client to form what to self-manage and learn certain copying techniques in order to gain control over with health outcomes, avoiding the illness taking control are some strategies that allows the clients to make informed choice and changes to their healthcare in the future. The first strategy the nurse can implement is assisting their client with developing realistic and attainable goals in regards to their longtime diabetes management. Encouraging the client to create health care goals will not always lead to the client attaining them. The nurse must understand and be aware of the various problems related to helping their client develop health care goals that are realistic, and especially attainable. The goals the client creates must be specific and based on physical outcomes (e.g. not drinking sweetened beverages), measureable (e.g. running for half an hour twice a week), action orientated (e.g. exercise). The goals must be both challenging but realistic so that the client is not discouraged by the over challenging goals or has no sense of accomplishment due to ease of attaining goal. There are numerous barriers that are related to creating goals and may deter the client from achieving them. Knowledge deficit regarding the influence of lifestyle factors on diabetes management may cause clients to misunderstand the importance of setting health goals and prevent them from adhering to them. The client may also avoid changes to their health behavior goals due to emotional barriers such as lack of motivation. Another disadvantage the nurse may face when assisting their client with creating a goal is lack of finances and barriers in available resources. These barriers include lack of money and lack of social support systems. Clients may require assistance with planning ways to overcome difficulties to attaining health goals. These difficulties may include the inability to afford fresh fruit and vegetables to maintain a nutrient rich diet. It is important that strategies are in place for each barrier the nurse identifies in order to overcome them. This is due to some cli ents lacking the skills required to solve problems that may come in contact with when living with a chronic illness when consumed with other issues such as financial difficulties. Another strategy the nurse can implement is educating the client on the correct administration of insulin and blood glucose monitoring. Many barriers can impair the client’s ability to self-manage their diabetes in an effective manner despite having been educated on medication administration and blood glucose monitoring. Clients may be resistant to following a insulin administration regimen due to factors such as fear of administrating an injection, being uncertain about the correct injection techniques and being afraid of having a hyperglycemia or hypoglycemic episode. These concerns are shared among individuals with diabetes in regards to monitoring their blood glucose levels. According to H, the clients that became tolerant of daily blood glucose monitoring remain unaware of how to correctly interpret the blood glucose levels and were unaware of how to change their food consumption and contribution to physical activity, let alone determine when insulin administration was re quired. Current diabetes self-management education (DSME) is a short program that clients with diabetes complete and involves education regarding basic self-management skills. Further education and developments of these skills is required in order to allow patients to possess the adequate knowledge and the comfort required to effectively manage their illness for their lifetime. Another barrier related to educating the client on the correct administration of insulin and blood glucose monitoring involves lack of finances that are required to adequately maintain control of the client’s chronic illness. A client that has been diagnosed with diabetes will live with the illness for their entire life; therefore the financial impact on the client will be lifelong. The financial impact of living with a chronic illness such as diabetes can contribute to emotional and financial difficulties that may have a negative effect on the client self-management efforts. Issues the client may face living with diabetes includes the inability to afford the supplies required to maintain specific health goals. This financial difficulty can be caused by lack of health insurance or low socio-economic status and has the potential to put the client at risk of having reduced compliance and poorer health outcomes. According to Stys (2007), client’s living with diabetes that have health insurance can afford prescription medications and therefore are involved in better health outcomes compared to client without health insurance. Also, many clients are able to self-manage their diabetes but are unable to due to financial difficulties. The final strategy the nurse can implement is assisting the patient to develop copying techniques as well as empowering them to identify and acknowledge the control they have on their diabetes. Educating the client regarding ways to cope and empowering them to effectively self-manage their diabetes is an important role of the nurse. The client may experience stress as a result of the fear of the complications of diabetes, depression, tough medication and diet guidelines and the feeling of being overwhelmed is associated with the client being less likely to effectively self-manage their illness. Morbidity, mortality, limitation to function and reduced quality of life can been caused by emotional distress. The nurse must respond to stress experienced by their client quickly in order to adequate educate them on ways of coping with diabetes as well as encouraging the client to gain a reasonable understanding and acceptance of their illness. This is a requirement for patients living with diabetes and will result in the client feeling empowered and in control of their health. Despite advances in the treatment of diabetes, clients with the chronic illness have less than optimal control and therefore suffer from preventable complications associated with it. There are numerous methods in which individuals with diabetes can control and be involved in their own healthcare. Previous research has highlighted the importance of the role of the nurse and how they can improve client compliance and ultimately improve the quality of life in individuals living with diabetes. This improvement is influenced by education and empowerment techniques implemented by the nurse that enable the client to effectively self-manage their chronic illness. Being aware of the strategies that are effective in assisting a client with a chronic illness as well as the barriers they may face is an important aspect in improving the health outcomes of individuals living with diabetes. References Aldridge, V 2005, Facilitating self-management for diabetes patients, Practice Nurse, 29, 11, pp. 33-38, Health Business Elite. Asimakopoulou, K 2007, ‘’Empowerment in the self-management of diabetes: Are we ready to test assumptions’, Talking Point, 4, 3, pp.94-97. Cyrino, A, Schraiber, L, Teixeira, R 2009, Education for type 2 diabetes mellitus self-care: From compliance to empowerment’, Interface, 13, 30, pp.93-106. Funnell, M, Tang, T, Anderson, R 2007, From research to practice/DSME support. From DSME to DSMS: Developing empowerment-based diabetes self-management support, Diabetes Spectrum, 20, 4, pp. 221-226. Funnel, M, Anderson, R 2004, ‘Empowerment and self-management of diabetes’, 22, 2, pp.123-127. Heisler, M 2007, From research to practice/DSME support. Overview of peer support models to improve diabetes self-management and clinical outcomes, Diabetes Spectrum, 20, 4, pp. 214-221. Marrero, D, Ard, J, Delamater, A, Peragallo-Dittko, V, Mayer-Davis, E, Nwankwo, R, Fisher, E 2013, ‘Twenty-first century behavioral medicine: A context for empowering clinicians and patients with diabetes’, Diabetes Care, 36, 2, pp.463-470. Peyrot, M, Rubin, R 2007, ‘Behavioral and psychosocial interventions in diabetes: A conceptual review’, Diabetes Care, 30, 10, pp.2433-2441. Scambler, S, Newtown, P, Asimakopoulou, K 2014, ‘The context of empowerment and self-care within the field of diabetes’, Health, 1, 16, pp.1-16. Stys, A Kulkarni, K 2007, Identification of self-care behaviors and adoption of lifestyle changes result in sustained glucose control and reduction of comorbidities in Type 2 diabetes’, Diabetes Spectrum, 20, 1, pp.55-59. World Health Organization 2013, ‘Diabetes Program 2013’, retrieved May 5th, 2014, http://www.who.int/diabetes/en/> MADDISON ADAMS (211265503)

Feasibility Report for a Fast Food Restaurant

FEASIBILITY REPORT FOR A FAST FOOD RESTAURANT PREAMBLE: We have taken out time to write this report for several reasons among which are: [pic] This project serves as part of the â€Å"private-sector participation initiative† drive embarked by our company [pic] Our desire to make you reconsider your present stand about not wanting to invest in the Nigerian economy, for now [pic] Our belief that this report can form a base for an enlarged feasibility report, which we hope you, would commission us to carry out [pic] Our desire to make you see the financial viability of this project [pic] Our desire to make you see the potentials of the Nigerian market [pic] Our desire to bring viable investments into this country [pic] Our desire to portray the true image of Nigeria to the outside world [pic] Our desire to see your company operational in Nigeria It is therefore our firm belief that after reading through this report, there will be a burning desire to reap the benefits of investing in Africa's biggest market, and partnering with us in i ts quest to touch hearts through the McDonald's heritage. TABLE OF CONTENT 1. DATA GATHERING 2. CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT 3. SITE ANALYSIS 4. COMPETITOR ANALYSIS 5. FINANCIAL STATEMENT [pic] DATA GATHERING [pic]BASIC FACTS ABOUT NIGERIA: AFRICA's BIGGEST DEMOCRACY AND MARKET. FEDERAL CAPITAL: ABUJA COMMERCIAL CAPITAL: LAGOS POPULATION Nigeria with a population of 113,828,587 (July 1999 EST. ) is the most populous country in Africa. It has a Population Growth rate: 2. 92% (1999 EST. ) AGE STRUCTURE 0-14 YEARS: 45% (MALE 25,613,974; FEMALE 25,397,166) 15-64 YEARS: 52% (MALE 30,272,539; FEMALE 29,197,611) 65 YEARS AND OVER: 3% (MALE 1,678,732; FEMALE 1,668,565) (1999 EST. ) [pic]MARKET AREA We intend that McDonald's setup its first restaurant, in Lagos State. It has also pinned down any of these locations for its first restaurant, namely Broad and Marina Streets in Lagos Island, Awolowo Road in Ikoyi, and Akin Adesola and Ahmadu Bello Way, in Victoria Island. There is a school of thought that says that the Market in Lagos is bigger than the Market in other countries of West Africa put together. For people conversant with Lagos, these locations are prime locations, as they boast of the presence of Nigeria’s high rise buildings, Nigeria’s most successful shops and companies, with their attendant management and senior staff, who invariably are Nigeria’s creme de la creme. These locations can also be regarded as Nigeria’s Jugular vein in commerce. They also presently boast of hosting the best Fast Food Restaurants in Lagos. We are already looking forward to a healthy competition between you and them. Another feature of these locations is that they can be accessed within 5-10minutes of each other. It is therefore usual to see people working in Victoria Island moving over to a restaurant in Ikoyi, or Lagos Island, and vice versa. [pic]DEMOGRAPHY OF POTENTIAL CONSUMERS: Age: Infant – 60 and above (some fast food restaurants have playing pens for infants) Sex: Male: Female (55%: 45%) Income: $300/year and above Usage Rate: Worst Case Scenario: 500 consumers/day Average Case Scenario: 1200 consumers/day Best Case Scenario: 2000 consumers/day With McDonald's we expect figures to get as high as 1,500, 2,200 and 2,700 respectively. User Status: Ranges from first time users, Regular users and Occasional Users. For an average day in the 1ST year of operations: First Time Users: approx. 10% Regular Users: approx. 50% Occasional Users: approx. 40% Loyalty Status: Indifferent (None) 42% Medium: 35% Strong: 20% Absolute: 3% We are however confident that with McDonald's, consumers can be pulled from the indifferent categories, to being strong and absolute consumers with McDonald's. Occupation: Predominantly white collar workers, businessmen also form a sizable proportion of consumers. During weekends and evenings, the majority of consumers are whole families, couples, lovers etc. Educational Qualification: Secondary (High) school certificate holders to PHD holders. Religion: Predominantly Christian and liberal Muslims. This therefore means, a willingness/freedom to associate with people, including the opposite sex in public. Provisions for Takeaway snacks also allow the recluse patronize Fast Food Restaurants. Social Status: 80% of all classes of society BENEFITS: These are related to some kind of advantages looked for in patronizing any business. In the case of Fast Food Restaurants, the following parameters have been used to assess patronage: Economical Nature of Investment: Medium Rating Convenience: High Rating Prestige: High Rating Hangout Venue: High Rating LOCAL TRAFFIC PATTERNS: Lagos has a high traffic pattern. On a busy weekday afternoon in Lagos, traffic density is approx. 000 cars/sq. kilometers. [pic] CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT Concept development means making decisions about the components of the fast food restaurant concept, including theme, menu, service style, hours of operations. Since this feasibility is for the setting up of an already established name, its concept would basically be c entered upon what is presently obtainable. It is however important to make some recommendations, as the data from the population in the market area would help in evaluating a fast food restaurant's concept that fits the area’s needs and preferences. Lagos Island and its sister island, Victoria Island, form what is called Lagos City or EKO. It is a city with a high rate of hustle and bustle. In some parts of this city, the lights never go out. It is a city in which 70 percent of its work force comes from smaller towns (3-70 kilometers) from within and outside Lagos State, on a daily basis. This scenario automatically creates needs in the minds of some migrants to Lagos City, which must be met, such as: 1. Where do we eat breakfast, considering that we might have to wake up very early so as to avoid the early morning rush, which results in traffic jams? 2. Where do we eat lunch, considering the fact the demands of work and the distance between workplace and home will prevent us from going home? 3. Where do we eat dinner, considering that we might need to allow the traffic jam caused by motorists leaving Lagos City, subside? Apart from these variables, fast food restaurants in Lagos play host to people who live in Lagos City, and also provide a conducive environment for businessmen. We would therefore recommend that hours of operation span from 6. 45am to 9. 45pm daily. [pic] SITE ANALYSIS Specifically, we would like to narrow down our site search to Akin Adesola Street, in Victoria Island. This road is directly linked to the bridge that connects Lagos Island at the Ikoyi and Old Ikoyi end of Lagos Island: a drive of less than 5 minutes. It is important to note that Old Ikoyi is the most expensive residential area in Lagos State, and it is followed closely by Victoria Island, which also houses the most expensive office apartments in Lagos State. What this means is that McDonald's would be neighboring the rich and tasteful people resident in Lagos State. Akin Adesola Street, which spans about 1. 1Km is directly linked to the major streets in Victoria Island such as Ahmadu Bello way, Ozumba Mbadiwe, Adeyemo Alakija, Adeola Odeku, Sanusi Fafunwa, Karimu Kotun and Bishop Oluwole Streets. It traffic density is not too high as the road is dualised. At the other end of this street is the famous Bar beach; with Kuramo beach around the corner. McDonald's would therefore benefit from people coming to the beach who require Take-away. The presence of the beach also guarantees a constant supply of fresh air. Presently, only one major fast food restaurant operator has an outlet on this major road. Around Victoria Island there are presently about six fast food restaurants and based on the potentials of this area of Lagos State it would be an understatement to say that that Akin Adesola Street, would comfortably house another restaurant, most especially the first McDonald's restaurant in Nigeria. It is important to note that apart from Lagos City, other towns in Lagos State, such as Ikeja and Apapa can comfortably host a McDonald's restaurant. [pic] COMPETITOR ANALYSIS Fast foods in Nigeria are as old as Nigeria itself. From the time of Nigeria’s independence fast food shops have been opened in the major towns of Nigeria. It was however not until 1986 that United African Company of Nigeria (UACN) in a diversification bid opened the first real fast food chain of restaurants in Nigeria. Since then a number of other operators have graced the fast food restaurant industry stage. Presently, it is one of the fastest growing sectors of the Nigerian economy and it would not be out of place to say that there is already a fast food craze in Nigeria, and this is just the beginning. In financial term, the fast food industry is approximately a $40 million dollar market, with over 83% of this market in Lagos State alone. In doing a proper competitor analysis, it will be appropriate to first identify the major competitors whose presence will bring out the best of McDonald's. The major players are MR. Bigg's (a fast food restaurant operated by UACN), Tantalizers, Tastees Fried Chicken, Sweet Sensations, Munchies, Favorites, Friends Eatery, Kas Chicken, Fingers (a fast food restaurant operated by United Trading Company), St. Elmo’s (a South African Franchise). For this analysis, only the three major fast food joints will be discussed. MR. BIGG’S This is a subsidiary of the big conglomerate, United African Company of Nigeria (UACN). It started operations in 1986, and is noted for being the first real operator of fast food restaurants in Nigeria. Presently, there are thirty-seven outlets spread all over Nigeria, with a massive twenty-two in Lagos State. Plans are on the ground to increase the total number of restaurants to fifty-seven by the end of the year. An estimated 1200 people visit an average Mr. Bigg's outlet per day. STRENGHTS †¢ Biggest financial muscle †¢ Brand Name recognition †¢ Good Knowledge of the Nigerian market †¢ Complete support of the UACN conglomerate as it is rumored to be the only subsidiary presently making a profit †¢ Strong emphasis on family and catching the young †¢ Formation of alliances with companies providing complementary goods †¢ Good use of the electronic and print media †¢ Starts operations as early as 6. 5am, with the intention of attending to people who want a good meal breakfast before working hours commence WEAKNESSES †¢ Its strength fizzles out at the arrival of the other major fast food operators to the neighborhood †¢ It is presently not noted for its excellent food, as it places emphasis on its snacks †¢ The initial excitement that heralded its entrance to the market seems to have been lost, as there seems to be â€Å"an out of fashion†, cover on it with the presence of the new entrants. This feeling is however peculiar to Lagos, as the opening of any Mr. Bigg's restaurant outside Lagos gives a feeling â€Å"at long last†, to the residents of these towns TANTALIZERS One of the most promising fast food restaurants in Nigeria. They began operations in the Festac area of Lagos State in 1995, and within the space of about six years have opened seven other outlets. The management of Tantalizers can be regarded as very aggressive marketers. Their marketing strategy seems to be directly aimed at their competitors. In the last four outlets they have opened, they have set up shops almost directly opposite or at best, a little close to their competitors in the process of drawing customers to their outlets. STRENGTHS: †¢ Effective Marketing Strategy †¢ Improving Brand Name Recognition †¢ Commendable Customer Service †¢ Vastly improving financial muscle †¢ Marketing emphasis is on catching couples and lovers WEAKNESS: Increasing complaint about the quality of their food †¢ Diversification into Africa Meals may be their undoing as they would be dividing their effort between the Fast food restaurant and the new African food restaurant †¢ There seems to be an emerging class distinctio n within the fast food industry, and the feeling is that Tantalizers falls within the middle class category. In other words, for serious minded businessmen and the upper-class, Tantalizers would naturally not come as their first choice of a fast food restaurant TASTEE FRIED CHICKEN It is one of the most promising fast food restaurants in Nigeria. It began operations in Surulere, Lagos State. It is attributed to be the second new generation fast food restaurant, after Mr. Bigg's. At the time of this report they have only three restaurants. When one considers the time they have spent in the fast food industry in Nigeria, and the fact that they only have three restaurants to show for it, one would want to mistakenly write them off as underachievers. Doing this will however be at ones peril as they seem to be carving a niche among the business and upper classes. STRENGTHS: †¢ Improving Brand Name Recognition †¢ Commendable Customer Service †¢ High taste and consumer conducive environment †¢ Regarded as having the best food in the industry Marketing emphasis seems to be on, catching the business class WEAKNESS: †¢ Ineffective class distinction. Class distinction which they claim to be their marketing strategy for luring the business and upper classes, has not seen them charging higher prices for their service with the belief that consumers who value t heir products and service will be willing to pay for it. In other words, even though it may seem that they are providing better products and service, it has not accrued to relatively bigger profit, as it seems that their expenses are relatively higher than their competitors, while the profit, which should be proportional to expenditure, is lower. †¢ Marketing is not aggressive [pic] FINANCIAL STATEMENT Financial Analysis will be based on the demography of potential consumers of McDonald's as arrived at in the demographic studies (USAGE RATE) on page 4 of this report. According to the survey carried out on existing fast food restaurants, Usage Rate: Worst Case Scenario: 500 consumers/day Average Case Scenario: 1,200 consumers/day Best Case Scenario: 2,000 consumers/day With McDonald's we expect figures to get as high as 1,500, 2,200 and 2,700 respectively per restaurant. Using these figures, assuming an average consumer spends $1. 5/visit/day, expected income: For Worst Case Scenario: 1,500 X $1. 5 X 360 days per year = $810,000 per year For Average Case Scenario: 2,200 X $1. 5 X 360 days per year = $1,188,000 per year For Best Case Scenario: 2,700 X $1. 5 X 360 days per year = $1,458,000 per year In reality, consumers presently spend between $0. 4 – $5 per visit, making our estimated income analysis of $1. 50 per visit very conservative. CONCLUSION: The nature of this report has made us only able to do extensive work on areas such as Data Gathering, Concept Development and Site Analysis. It has only been able to peripherally touch areas such as Competitor Analysis and Financial Statement. A proper analysis on areas such as Competitor Analysis and Financial Statement which form an integral part of any Feasibility work, will only be possible if the company for which this report has been done and sent to, finds it necessary to commission us on a more extensive feasibility study.

Spider Silk Is Natures Miracle Fiber

Spider silk is one of the most miraculous natural substances on Earth. Most building materials are either strong or elastic, but spider silk is both. Its been described as stronger than steel (which is not quite accurate, but close), more impenetrable than Kevlar, and stretchier than nylon. It withstands a lot of strain before breaking, which is the very definition of a tough material. Spider silk also conducts heat and is known to have antibiotic properties. All Spiders Produce Silk All spiders produce silk, from the tiniest jumping spider to the biggest tarantula. A spider has special structures called spinnerets at the end of its abdomen. Youve probably watched a spider constructing a web, or rappelling from a silk thread. The spider uses its hind legs to pull the strand of silk from its spinnerets, little by little. Spider Silk Is Made From Protein But what is spider silk, exactly? Spider silk is a fiber of protein, produced by a gland in the spiders abdomen. The gland stores silk protein  in liquid form, which isnt particularly useful for building structures like webs. When the spider needs silk, the liquefied protein passes through a canal where it gets an acid bath. As the pH of the silk protein is lowered (as its acidified), it changes the structure. The motion of pulling the silk from the spinnerets puts tension on the substance, which helps it harden into a solid as it emerges. Structurally, silk consists of layers of amorphous and crystalline proteins. The firmer protein crystals give silk its strength, while the softer, shapeless protein provides elasticity. Protein is a naturally occurring polymer (in this case, a chain of amino acids). Spider silk, keratin, and collagen are all formed of protein. Spiders will often recycle valuable silk proteins by eating their webs. Scientists have labeled silk proteins using radioactive markers and examined new silk to determine how efficiently spiders reprocess the silk. Remarkably, theyve found spiders can consume and reuse silk proteins in 30 minutes. Thats an amazing recycling system! This versatile material could have limitless applications, but harvesting spider silk isnt very practical on a large scale. Producing a synthetic material with the properties of spider silk has long been the Holy Grail of scientific research.   8 Ways Spiders Use Silk Scientists have studied spider silk for centuries, and have learned quite a bit about how spider silk is made and used. Some spiders can actually produce 6 or 7 kinds of silk using different silk glands. When the spider weaves a silk thread, it can combine these varied kinds of silks to produce specialized fibers for different purposes. Sometimes the spider needs a stickier silk strand, and other times it needs a stronger one. As you might imagine, spiders make good use of their silk-producing skills. When we think of spiders spinning silk, we usually think of them building webs. But spiders use silk for many purposes.   1. Spiders Use Silk to Catch Prey The best-known use of silk by spiders is for constructing webs, which they use to ensnare prey. Some spiders, like  orb weavers, construct circular webs with sticky threads to snag flying insects. Purse web spiders use an innovative design. They spin an upright silk tube and hide inside it. When an insect lands on the outside of the tube, the purse web spider cuts the silk and pulls the insect inside. Most web-weaving spiders have poor eyesight, so they sense prey in the web by feeling for vibrations traveling across the silk strands. A recent study showed that  spider silk can vibrate at a wide range of frequencies, allowing the spider to sense movements as small as a hundred nanometers—1/1000 the width of a human hair. But thats not the only way spiders use silks to catch meals. The bolas spider, for example, spins a sort of fishing line of silk – a long thread with a sticky ball at the end. When an insect passes by, the bolas spider flings the line at the prey and hauls in its catch. Net-casting spiders spin a small web, shaped like a tiny net, and hold it between their feet. When an insect comes near, the spider throws its silk net and ensnares the prey. 2. Spiders User Silk to Subdue Prey Some spiders, like  cobweb spiders, use silk to subdue their prey completely. Have you ever watched a spider grab a fly or moth, and quickly wrap it in silk like a mummy? Cobweb spiders have special setae on their feet, which enable them to wind sticky silk tightly around a struggling insect.   3. Spiders Use Silk to Travel Anyone who read  Charlottes Web  as a child will be familiar with this spider behavior, known as ballooning. Young spiders (called spiderlings) disperse soon after emerging from their egg sac. In some species, the spiderling will climb onto an exposed surface, raise its abdomen, and cast a silk thread into the wind. As the air current pulls on the silk strand,  the spiderling becomes airborne and can be carried for miles. 4. Spiders Use Silk to Keep From Falling Who hasnt been startled by a spider descending suddenly on a silk thread? Spiders habitually leave a trail of silk line, known as a dragline, behind them as they explore an area. The silk safety line helps the spider keep from falling unchecked. Spiders also use the dragline to descend in a controlled manner. If the spider finds trouble below, it can quickly ascend the line to safety. 5. Spiders Use Silk to Keep From Getting Lost Spiders can also use the dragline to find their way home. Should a spider wander too far from its retreat or burrow, it can follow the silk line back to its home. 6. Spiders Use Silk to Take Shelter Many spiders use silk to construct or reinforce a shelter or retreat. Both  tarantulas  and  wolf spiders  dig burrows in the ground and line their homes with silk. Some web-building spiders construct special retreats within or adjacent to their webs. Funnel weaver spiders, for example, spin a cone-shaped retreat in one side of their webs, where they can stay hidden from both prey and predators. 7. Spiders Use Silk to Mate Before mating, a male spider must prepare and ready his sperm. Male spiders spin silk and construct small sperm webs, just for this purpose. He transfers sperm from his genital opening to the special web and then picks up the sperm with his pedipalps. With his sperm securely stored in his pedipalps, he can search for a receptive female. 8. Spiders Use Silk to Protect Their Offspring Female spiders produce particularly tough silk to construct egg sacs. She then deposits her eggs inside the sac, where they will be protected from the weather and potential predators as they  develop and hatch into tiny spiderlings. Most mother spiders secure the egg sac to a surface, often near her web. Wolf spiders dont take chances and carry the egg sac around until the offspring emerge. Sources: Borror and Delongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2nd edition, edited by John L. Capinera.ASU scientists unravel the mysteries of spider silk, Arizona State University,  January 27, 2013. Iowa State engineer discovers spider silk conducts heat as well as metals, Iowa State University, March 5, 2012.  Lowering pH regulates spider’s silk production,  Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, May 12, 2010.Stanford Researcher Sheds New Light on the Mysteries of Spider Silk, Stanford University,  February 4, 2013.  Bugs Rule! Introduction to the World of Insects, by Whitney Cranshaw and Richard Redak.Spiders, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History website. Spiders Listen to Their Webs, by Carrie Arnold, National Geographic website, June 5, 2014. Net-Casting Spiders, Australian Museum website.Purseweb Spiders, University of Kentucky Entomology website.

Developing, Using Organising Resources Within the lifelong...

Developing, Using Organising Resources Within the lifelong Learning Sector TASK 37 NAME: STUDENT ID: DATE: Table of Contents 1. Understand the purpose and use of resources 1.1 Explain the purpose of resources in teaching and learning Different types of resources are used in lifelong learning process so that the knowledge of the learners can be practiced and their learning can be progressed. The learners’ level of understanding and the areas they find difficult can be assessed and identified by providing them with the resources. Moreover, the learners with learning difficulties can be provided with differentiated tasks and additional support by providing resources. The additional explanations that are not†¦show more content†¦The duties and roles that have to be carried out by a resource developer are explained by the figure above. Individual needs of every student have to be identified and plans have to be developed in order to satisfy the learning needs of all learners. The next step is to design the resources according to the individual needs that are identified and deliver those resources to the learners. Once the task in completed by the learners the resource developer then can assess their pe rformance which will automatically enable the resource developed to identify the effectiveness of his resources. According to the information given by Turkish online journal of education technology (2009), two student groups are surveyed where one group of students provided with the lower level of teaching resources while second group of students are provided with the higher level of teaching resources. The surveys identified that the students who are provided with higher level of teaching resources have got much more positive outcome comparing to the other group of students. ‘We have found that when technologies are thoughtfully integrated with a sound pedagogical vision, students’ views of teaching and approaches to learning can be positively affected.’ The LeTUS report series (2003) also shows how important it is for the teachers toShow MoreRelatedInclusive Learning in Practice2696 Words   |  78 Pagesinfluence the learning of a group of learners, review legislative requirements relating to inclusive practice and consider their implications. Then furthermore, it will describe what I consider to be the most significant barriers to learning for the adult learners that I teach, and include a discussion of what myself and Nacro have done to overcome these barriers. Lastly, this piece of work will describe the systems that Nacro have in place to monitor the effectiveness of inclusive practice within the centreRead MoreThe Role of Adult Education in Womens Empowerment16079 Words   |  65 PagesNational Report on the Development and State of the Art of Adult Learning and Education in Botswana Ministry of Education and Skills Development 2008 1 FOREWORD Honourable Jacob D. Nkate Minister of Education and Skills Development The Fifth International Conference on Adult Learning and Education (CONFINTEA V) has motivated the nation of Botswana to accelerate its effort in the provision of adult learning and education. That kind of action was necessary because we firmly believe that we mustRead MoreUnit 009 Understanding Inclusive Learning and Teaching in Lifelong Learning4591 Words   |  19 Pagesreferred): ____________________Grade ______ Date __________ IQA’s name (if sampled) _________________________ Unit 009 Understanding Inclusive Learning and Teaching in Lifelong Learning Key Factors Influencing Inclusive Teaching and Learning The focus of this assignment is the key factors that influence inclusive teaching and learning and how it is incorporated into my specialist subject area. As individuals we all learn differently, this has been influenced by past educational experiencesRead MoreA Project on Industrial Relations and Labour Welfare16776 Words   |  68 Pagesproject is funded within the Sixth Research Framework Programme of the European Commission. The overall aim of WORK-IN-NET is to set up sustainable communication and co-operation channels in Europe between the still fragmented national and regional research activities in the area of work-related innovation issues. To cope with the lasting innovation, productivity and employment challenges in European countries, the focus of WORK-IN-NET lies on three key themes: qualitative human resource development corporateRead MoreCurriculum Development10775 Words   |  44 Pagesdate their skills. The Professional Teacher Defining what it means to be professional is problematic. However one characteristic of gaining professional status is the requirement of a period of specialised training. For teachers in the Lifelong Learning Sector (LLS), the requirement to undergo any form of training has a troubled history. Less than ten years ago, Hall Marsh noted the following: â€Å"There is much evidence that the role and status of teachers in society has diminished over theRead MoreHr Map13642 Words   |  55 Pageschapter 1 Developing Yourself as an Effective Learning and Development Practitioner In t r od u c t Io n This chapter begins with a look at what is required of LD professionals and how LD roles are specified. We discuss the CIPD HR Profession Map and how we can use it to assess our professional development needs. We then move on to look at how we deliver our LD service, considering: who are our customers, how well do we meet their needs and what can we do to improve our service delivery.Read MoreScience in Early Childhood Education3184 Words   |  13 Pagesnatural systems and the process whereby that body of knowledge has been established and is continually extended, refined, and revised. Both elements are essential: one cannot make progress in science without an understanding of both. Likewise, in learning science one must come to understand both the body of knowledge and the process by which this knowledge is established, extended, refined, and revised. (Duschl, Schweingruber, Shouse, 2007, p. 26) Dodge, Colker Heroman (2002) state that scienceRead MoreEu - History, Policies and Facts5310 Words   |  22 Pagesthe European Central Bank. The European Parliament is elected every five years by EU citizens. The EU has developed a single market through a standardised system of laws which apply in all member states including the abolition of passport controls within the Schengen area. It ensures the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital, enacts legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintains common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries and regional development. A monetary union, theRead MoreDescribe with Examples How Schools May Demonstrate and Uphold Their Aims:14953 Words   |  60 PagesValues: ----------------------------------------------------------------- P206 1.1. Identify the main types of state and independent schools: Over the past ten years there are an increase in the types of school that are offering education within England and Wales. The new association’s government is focusing to expand educational provision to further and ensure every child and young person to have a range of choice to enable them to access a school that will meet their individual needs. Read MoreStrategic Human Resource Management72324 Words   |  290 PagesBusiness Management Study Manuals Advanced Diploma in Business Management STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT The Association of Business Executives 5th Floor, CI Tower ï‚ · St Georges Square ï‚ · High Street ï‚ · New Malden Surrey KT3 4TE ï‚ · United Kingdom Tel: + 44(0)20 8329 2930 ï‚ · Fax: + 44(0)20 8329 2945 E-mail: info@abeuk.com ï‚ · www.abeuk.com  © Copyright, 2008 The Association of Business Executives (ABE) and RRC Business Training All rights reserved No part of this publication may be

The First Chronically Sick Child - 875 Words

Joey was the first chronically sick child that I have ever worked with. He is two years old and since he was born he has spent the majority of his life in and out of a hospital. His mother and father, parents of three other children, have moved homes to be closer to medical help in the case of an emergency. They had to make sure that their health insurance would cover the ambulance’s driving distance from their house to a hospital. They had to make sure they lived near a police station in the case of a power outage, which would prohibit Joey’s life sustaining medical equipment to work. Joey has tracheal stenosis, diagnosed at 3 weeks of life. A tracheostomy was placed at diagnosis and now 2 years later he still lives with it. He recently had laryngeal surgery but still no one knows when the day will be that he will live without a tracheostomy. Because Joey has been in and out of a hospital, at 2 years old he has already developed C. difficile and laryngitis. Joeyâ€℠¢s mother’s pregnancy was healthy and full term. The parents had no forewarning of the medical battles they would face. I had the privilege of learning about Joey through the eyes of his father, at his bedside for my entire shift on that Monday morning. A lot of things were racing through my heart when I first walked in to introduce myself. What does a chronically sick child look like? Would I know what to say when my patient can’t communicate back to me? Would I know what to do with a tracheostomy, vital forShow MoreRelatedSupplemental Childcare Program Essay examples1227 Words   |  5 Pagesover the past 30 years. In 1993, 9.9 million children under age 5, needed care while their mothers worked (Bureau of the Census, 1995). More than two-thirds of all infants receive nonparental child care during their first year of life, with most enrolled for about 30 hours each week (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 1995). There are many different programs in the United States that provide extended day childcare for working parents. Programs such as the 6 to 6, YMCA, etcRead MoreEssay On Home Health Care1710 Words   |  7 PagesImagine being born with a severely weak immune system. A person like this is in constant paranoia because the risk of getting sick with pulmonary disease/infection is extremely high and their life expectancy may be lower than someone with a ‘normal’ or healthy immune system. Moving In and out of hospitals is now a way of life for them. The average person does not have to deal with such burdens; but, for a person living with diseases such as cystic fibrosis or a person undergoing chemotherapy, itRead MoreFamily Friendly Workplaces1223 Words   |  5 Pages This essay will discuss these issues by using evidence gathered from an array of both academic and secondary sources, with particular consideration being paid to the notion and ideal of a family friendly workp lace existing within Australia. The first aspect that will be discussed is the concept of a family friendly workplace and specific examples of Australian workplaces that implement such practices will be explored. Second, the legislation and union involvement that is associated with implementingRead MoreEthno669 Words   |  3 Pagesand interactions. In this assignment, you will interview a disabled or chronically ill person and make observations about the person based on your understanding of what it means to be a member of this social category. Remember that disability and chronic illness include both visible and invisible elements, and that there is great variation in age, class, ethnicity, and gender identity. You may also interview the parent of a child with a disability as long as the parent can speak on behalf of the child’sRead MorePublic Health Nursing History1148 Words   |  5 Pages The Henry Street House was opened in 1893 by Lilian Wald who established the phrase ‘public health nurse’, as discussed in the film â€Å"Nursing in America – A History of Social Reform†. She believed that bedside care should be provided to the public sick poor as well as treating the social and economic problems they faced and providing them with health education (Buhler-Wilkerson). She sent out nurses w ho traveled door to door to the families of the community of which they served. They were the majorRead MoreSolutions For Families : Distressed Situations1551 Words   |  7 Pagescaring for a child with health problems profoundly affects the physical health, mental health and work attendance of parents. â€Å"5 out of 100 American children are hospitalized for a major acute or chronic illness, injury, or disability† (Medical Traumatic Stress, n.p.). â€Å"20 million children in the US each year suffer unintentional injuries† (Medical Traumatic Stress, n.p.). â€Å"According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 15 percent of U.S. families have a chronically ill child† (New evidenceRead MoreEssay - Circus cat, alley cat828 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Circus cat, alley cat† is written by Anita Desai and is on three pages. The short story is about Anna, a circus performer who becomes a nanny for an English family. Anna is performing with tigers and lions in an exciting show. The narrator is a child and has a wild imagination. When Anna is babysitting the children, the narrator often imagines that Anna cracks her whip, and controls the cats. One day Anna’s baby is taken away from her, and she leaves to get it back. In the end, the narrator isRead MorePositive Psychology And Chronic Illness2102 Words   |  9 Pagessocial well-being in addition to her physical condition. Shawn Achor, a Harvard researcher and author of The Happiness Advantage, has developed some tips and exercises for people interested in integrating positive psychology into their lives. The first is the â€Å"Three Gratitudes† approach. This approach suggests that every day for three weeks, the person writes down three things he or she is grateful for. This exercise, according to Achor, revamps the brain for optimism. The second is called â€Å"The DoublerRead MoreThe Impact of Housing Benefits on Pregnant Teenagers1403 Words   |  6 Pagesaims to manage government expenditure and efficient welfare provision with respect to credible claimants. The UK Benefit System is concentrated towards a number of deserving groups such as the unemployed, senior citizenry, disabled individuals, chronically sick individuals or bereaved claimants. (Emmerson Leicester, 2002) The basic aim of this endeavor is to make lives of British citizens contented enough to ensure a valid level of natio nal contribution and of course give back to the needy. Not onlyRead MorePet Therapy1427 Words   |  6 Pagesaround the country as a great way to help children cope with the stress and anxiety associated with hospitalization. Pet Therapy is a general term that encompasses many therapeutic activities involving animals as companions or occasional visitors to the sick, elderly, or mentally ill. (DeltaSociety) Pet therapy is now being used to help with a wide range of medical and emotional ailments. Sometimes just one treatment can and does work in alleviating many symptoms. Pet therapy also promotes

Black Hole Free Essays

Black hole in astronomy is a theoretical region in space with such intense gravitational forces that nothing, not even light, can escape from it. Calculations based on Einstein’s general theory of relativity published in 1915 indicate that a very high concentration of matter can form a black hole, but the existence of black holes has not been proven. For the sun to form a black hole, it would have to be compressed into a sphere less than 4 miles (6. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Hole or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4 km) in diameter. Scientists believe such concentrations of matter can occur under certain conditions, as when a massive star (one with a mass three or more times that of the sun) runs out of fuel for thermonuclear reactions and collapses in one itself. In the constellation Cygnus, a star has been discovered that appears be in a binary (two-star) system with a small, invisible object that may be a black hole formed from a star (Abell, 34-36). The area around the object is a strong source of X-rays, possibly produced by gases heated to very high temperatures as they are drawn into the black hole. Very massive black holes may form at the centre of a galaxy, where there is a high concentration of stars and other matter. Astronomers have found evidence for the existence of massive black holes at the centre of several galaxies, including the Milky Way. Black holes ranging down to microscopic size may have formed when the universe was very dense, shortly after its creation. According to a theory by the English physicist Stephen Hawking, black holes of very small size lose a significant amount of mass through subatomic processes at their boundaries. According to this theory, once a black hole become extremely small, it emits all its remaining mass in an explosion of high-energy particles. However, evidence for such explosions has not been found. Moreover, the term â€Å"black hole† was coined to describe such an object more than 50 years ago, long before there was any evidence that such object existed. Today, there is ample evidence that black hole exist (Snow, 111). If the core contains more than 3 solar masses, its collapse leads to the formation of a black hole. In this case, the degenerate neutron gas pressure cannot halt the collapse. There may or may not be a supernova explosion, depending on whether a neutron star forms temporarily (causing a rebound of the infalling outer layers of the star) before collapsing further. A black hole never stops collapsing; mathematically, it can be described as a single point containing all the mass of the collapsed stellar core, but physically it is difficult to describe. In other words, if a star more than 2 or 3 solar masses in its core collapses, it will exceed the mass limit for formation of a neutron star. When a star collapses beyond the point where neutron gas pressure degenerate can support it, the collapse never stops as mentioned earlier. Thus, a black hole is not in hydrostatic equilibrium because there is no known force that can counteract the inward force of gravity and it is said that the mass of the star forms a singularity, described mathematically as a single point having infinite density. As the collapse proceeds, the surface gravity of the star becomes stronger (Chaisson, 16-17). The gravitational force of the star remains the same at distance outside of the original surface of the star; the immense increase in gravity occurs only at closer distances. As the surface gravity increases, it has an increasingly significant effect on photons of light. Eventually a point is reached where the surface gravity is so great that light cannot escape. At this point, the star is said to have passed through the event horizon because it is impossible to observe anything that happens to it after this. The radius of the star at this point is called the Schwarzschild radius and the Schwarzschild radius is proportional to the mass of the star; for a star of 1 solar mass, it is 3 km. A black hole cannot be directly observed, but its presence may be detected through its gravitational effects. If a binary system is found to have an unseen member whose mass is too great to be neutron star, then it must be a black hole. Such binary systems are most easily recognized if mass transfer takes place from the companion star to the black hole. In this case, the matter that is transferred forms an accretion disk so hot that it emits X-rays (Abell, 34-36). Thus, X-ray binaries are likely places to look for black holes. Several X-ray binaries have been observed in which the analysis of the orbit of the visible star indicates that the unseen companion has too much mass to be a neutron star and must therefore be a black hole. Reference: 1. Abell, G. D. Exploration of the Universe (96h edition), pp. 34-36. Philadelphia: W. B. Suanders Co. , 2001. 2. Chaisson, E. Astronomy Today. Pp. 16-17. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. : Prentice Hall, 2002. 3. Snow, T. P. The Dynamic Universe: An Introduction to Astronomy (6th edition), p. 111. St. Paul: West Publishing Co. , 2001. How to cite Black Hole, Papers

Black Like Me Essay Research Paper John free essay sample

Black Like Me Essay, Research Paper John Howard Griffin was a journalist and a specializer on race issues. After publication, he became a taking advocator in the Civil Rights Movement and did much to advance consciousness of the racial state of affairss and base on balls legislative assembly. He was in-between aged and populating in Mansfield, Texas at the clip of publication in 1960. His desire to cognize if Southern Whites were racialist against the Negro population of the Deep South, or if they truly judged people based on the single # 8217 ; s personality as they said they prompted him to traverse the colour line and write Black Like Me. Since communicating between the white and African American races did non be, neither race truly knew what it was like for the other. Due to this, Griffin felt the lone manner to cognize the truth was to go a black adult male and travel through the South. His trip was financed by the internationally distributed Negro magazine Sepia in exchange for the right to publish extracts from the finished merchandise. After three hebdomads in the Deep South as a black adult male John Howard Griffin produced a 188-page diary covering his passage into the black race, his travels and experiences in the South, the displacement back into white society, and the reaction of those he cognize anterior his experonce the book was published and released. John Howard Griffin began this novel as a white adult male on October 28, 1959 and became a black adult male ( with the aid of a celebrated skin doctor ) on November 7. He entered black society in New Orleans through his contact Sterling, a shoe radiance male child that he had met in the yearss prior to the medicine taking full consequence. Griffin stayed with Sterling at the radiance base for a few yearss to go assimilated into the society and to larn more about the attitude and mentality of the common black adult male. After one hebdomad of seeking to happen work other than humble labour, he left to go throughout the Southern provinces of Mississippi, Alabama, and Texas. November 14, the twenty-four hours he decided to go forth, was the twenty-four hours after the Mississippi jury refused to indict or see the grounds in the Mack Parker kidnap-lynch slaying instance. He decided to travel into the bosom of Mississippi, the Southern province most feared by inkinesss of that clip, merely to see if it truly did hold the # 8220 ; fantastic relationship # 8221 ; with their Blacks that they said they did. What he found in Hattiesburg was tenseness in the province so evident and thick that it scared him to decease. One of the grounds for this could be attributed to the Parker instance determination because the test took topographic point non far from Hattiesburg. He knew it was a menace to his life if he remained because he was non a true Negro and did non cognize the proper manner to carry on himself in the present state of affairs. Griffin requested that one of his friends help him go forth the province as shortly as possible. P.D. East, Griffin # 8217 ; s friend, was more than willing to assist his friend out of the unsafe state of affairs that he had gotten himself into and back to New Orleans. From New Orleans, traveled to Biloxi, Mississippi and began catch boosting toward Mobile, Alabama. Griffin found that work forces would non pick him up in the twenty-four hours about every bit frequently as they would at dark. One of the grounds being that the darkness of dark is a protection of kinds and the white work forces would allow their defences down. Besides, they would non hold to be afraid of person they knew seeing them with a Negro in their auto. But the chief ground was of the stereotypes many of these work forces had of Negroes, that they were more sexually active, knew more about sex, had larger genital organ, and fewer ethical motives and hence would discourse these things with them. Many of the Whites that offered Griffin drives would go angry and allow him out when he would non discourse his sex life with them. One adult male was amazed to happen a Negro who spoke intelligently and tried to explicate the false beliefs behind the stereotypes and what the job with Negro society was. Many Negroes he encountered on his journey through the Deep South were really sort and opened their Black Marias and places to him. One illustration of this is when Griffin asked an aged Black where he might happen housing, the adult male offered to portion his ain bed with him. Another case was when Griffin was stranded someplace between Mobile and Montgomery and a black adult male offered him lodging at his place. The adult male # 8217 ; s place was a two-room hovel that housed six members of his household, but he accepted John into his place and refused any money for the problem stating that # 8220 ; he # 8217 ; d brought more than he # 8217 ; d taken. # 8221 ; In Montgomery, Alabama, Griffin decided it was clip for him to reenter white society, but he besides wanted to derive a cognition of the country as a black adult male. So, he devised the technique of covering an country as a black and so returning the undermentioned twenty-four hours as a white. What he found was, as a black he would have the # 8220 ; hatred stare # 8221 ; from Whites and be treated with every courtesy by the black community. As a white, it would be the exact face-to-face, he would acquire the # 8220 ; hatred stare # 8221 ; from inkinesss and be treated wondrous by the same people who despised him the old twenty-four hours. After a few yearss of cranking across the colour line, Griffin decided that he had adequate stuff from his diary to make a book and adequate experience as a black adult male so he reverted for good into white society. Traversing over into the white universe was fazing to Griffin, if merely because of the manner he was treated by the same people who despised him antecedently due to his pigmentation. The sudden ability to walk into any constitution and non be refused service was besides a daze after holding to hunt for common comfortss yearss earlier. After returning to his hometown of Mansfield, Texas Griffin was non widely accepted back into the community he one time knew. Many of the occupants of the metropolis were racialists, hence they considered him one of the # 8216 ; niggers. # 8217 ; The racialists even went every bit far as to hang Griffin in image from the town # 8217 ; s halt visible radiation one forenoon. This prompted him and his household to go forth the country until the state of affairs well calmed down. Griffin was interviewed by assorted telecasting and wireless hosts as good as magazine and correspondents after the book was made populace. His chief aim was to educate the populace of the state of affairs in the South and people couldn # 8217 ; t assist but hear about it. Wether or non they accepted the information was non up to Griffin, but he did his best to do the cognition available. This book relates to American history because it takes the reader into the Deep South before the Civil Rights Movements took clasp and shows what it was like to be black. In the Preface, the writer states # 8220 ; I could have been a Jew in Germany, a Mexican in a figure of provinces, or a member of any # 8216 ; inferior # 8217 ; group. Merely the inside informations would hold differed. The narrative would be the same. # 8221 ; The inside informations he mentioned were he being black and in the South, and the narrative is of hatred and racism directed toward him and others like him on history of those inside informations. The history he related showed America and the universe that race dealingss in the South was non the reasonably image it was painted as. Alternatively, he showed the day-to-day battle of the inkinesss to last. Griffin # 8217 ; s prejudice is that white Southern Americans of that period were racist toward the African American population. The lone thing altered from before he entered New Orleans to after was his visual aspect. He dyed his tegument a really dark brown and shaved his caput, his vesture, address forms, and mentions had non changed and every inquiry was answered truthfully. If people did justice others by their qualities and makings, his clip in the Deep South should hold been reasonably uneventful. Alternatively, there were day-to-day pursuits to happen rest-room installations, eating houses, shops, and assorted other # 8216 ; comfortss # 8217 ; that he took advantage of before he crossed the colour line. During his stay in New Orleans, inkinesss were forced to utilize specific installations designated for them and they were normally few and far between. Other than the Greyhound station or other public edifices that inkinesss were allowed to come in, there were no installations that were at par with the 1s the Whites had entree to. His now black tegument besides prevented him from come ining any shop and buying something to imbibe, alternatively he would hold to happen a Negro Cafe. These Cafes were non about every bit legion as the many topographic points the lowliest white could get a drink. The colour of his 31e